Actually we do have these kind of protocols and they work pretty well. One example is called "shadowsocks". The spec can be found here: https://shadowsocks.org/en/spec/protocol.html. Its main goal is simply obfuscate TCP/UDP packets into random traffic by very simple encryption, so that the GFW cannot recognize any pattern but some random bytes. It's very flexible with many "ciphersuites" to choose from.
A variant of shafowsocksshadowsocks is called shadowsocks-rss, which allows more obfuscation mechanism, including disguises traffic as TLS. Shadowsocks and shadowsocks-rss are the very few protocols can be used efficiently in China to bypass GFW. Moreover, these protocols and their implementations are open source on Github.