Google Authenticator implements standard protocols such as TOTPTOTP (and maybe HOTPHOTP), they are not Google-specific nor depend on Google's servers, so using their PAM module isn't related to your Google account and doesn't need an online connection.
If you're like me and don't trust Google you can use an independent PAM module and an independent authenticator app implementing either the HOTP or TOTP protocol (search your phone's App Store).