This kind of issue documented as “allows attackers to gain privileges via a crafted application“ is published a few times per month. Similar circumstances are usually also part of the monthly patch releases of Apple iOS too.
Exact details are often missing. But in most cases it is necessary that an attacker is able to run his own code on the device. This can be done as part of a locally installed App. In a real-world scenario this would require an user to download, install and launch a malicious App.
Because Apple has established some kind of quality testing of Apps published in their AppStore, the chances of a successful distribution after disclosure and patching of an issue is rather small.
But in the Android world a comparable mechanism is missing. There are documented incidents of successful exploitation. But targeted attacks approach their victims usually with a side-install or a local exploitation (e.g. by police enforcement or intelligence services after getting physical access to a device). Broad infections would reveal the possibilities and hurt such operations.