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The OWASP XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet has a list of locations where untrusted data should never be put:

 <script>...NEVER PUT UNTRUSTED DATA HERE...</script>   directly in a script

 <!--...NEVER PUT UNTRUSTED DATA HERE...-->             inside an HTML comment

 <div ...NEVER PUT UNTRUSTED DATA HERE...=test />       in an attribute name

 <NEVER PUT UNTRUSTED DATA HERE... href="/test" />   in a tag name

 <style>...NEVER PUT UNTRUSTED DATA HERE...</style>   directly in CSS

I understand why data shouldn't be put into the other 4 places, but what is the danger of putting user input into HTML comments? I would think that encoding > would be enough to prevent any attacks. Is there a way to execute JavaScript inside a HTML comment? Or a different way to exit HTML comments without >?

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The relevant entries in the HTML5 Security Cheatsheet are:

  • Ending HTML comments with a backtick character: html5sec#133 (IE6, IE8)
  • Injecting XSS or with a conditional comment html5sec#115 (older IE, IE quirks mode)

Apart from that user input might be used to change this comment into a conditional comment (IE only) and thus change the DOM or block the execution of script after the comment. This could change the behavior of the page in an unintended way.

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    Another surprising thing: the -- part starts and ends a SGLM comment, which is inside an empty HTML tag. Older browsers had problem with <script><!-- some_code;decrement_this--;some_other_code --></script>, because the decrement operator ended the SGML comment.
    – allo
    Jul 18, 2018 at 12:26
  • @allo Note that since it applies to only very old browsers (probably only IE before IE6), then I would not consider it as an issue. But HTML spec give a lot of restrictions about starting/ending a comment. Even if a lot of these involve a < or > character (which should be properly encoded by any HTML encoding function), it's worth checking.
    – Xenos
    Jul 19, 2018 at 7:58
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If untrusted data can be everything, we could inject for example --><script>alert("I just escaped the HTML comment")</script><!-- which would make it appear in source code like: <!----><script>alert("I just escaped the HTML comment")</script><!---->(Note the empty comments)

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  • True, but if I can inject -->, I'm not in a comment context anymore, but in a HTML element context. In that case, OWASP RULE #1 would apply, which says untrusted data may be printed if escaped.
    – tim
    Jun 16, 2016 at 19:19
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    Exactly. Escaping the context is why it's written to OWASP as security vulnerability, as some people may not understand the mechanics of XSS overall, and they could think "Oh, so if I let users edit HTML comments, nothing bad can happend right?"
    – Eda190
    Jun 16, 2016 at 20:49

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