CA A
revokes CA B
, does certificate C
become invalid?
Yes, revocation cascades down to the tree. If CA certificate is revoked, all certificates below (regardless of how many levels are below CA) are implicitly considered untrusted. Keep in mind that they become *untrusted*, not revoked.
CA A
gets revoked (somehow), does its revocation cascade all the way down the chain such that certificate C
is now invalid as well?
Root CA revocation is an undefined operation within RFC5280. In this case, the CA puts its certificate (serial number) in its own CRL and signs with its own key. And now we have a chicken-egg problem:
The CA cert is revoked (listed in CRL), but the CRL is signed with a revoked key, so we can't trust this CRL and get a definitive answer about whether the root certificate is revoked. This problem is often solved by not checking root CA revocation using RFC5280 techniques. For example, in Microsoft's certificate chaining engine default configuration, root CA certificates are not checked for revocation at all.
Such cases (root CA revocation) are handled differently, using OOB processes, by maintaining a list of explicitly trusted anchors (root certificates) and removing a bad CA cert from the list.