Questions tagged [assembly]
Assembly language is a low-level programming language whose instructions map almost 1-to-1 to a computer's machine code.
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what do these assembly code doing? [migrated]
I tried to reverse engineer an apk app, and it was loading a native code. I have observed that the app was using the native code like this
public static String v = sUQWWyTBEs().toString().substring(32,...
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131 views
msfvenom: how to output assembly of windows payload for inline assembly in C?
My goal is to obfuscate metasploit windows payloads' assembly code (adding junk code to the payload itself), then adding the obfuscated shellcode to inline assembly in C. The issue is there is no ...
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2answers
85 views
How do attackers determine ROP gadgets remotely?
Being gadgets change per each system and architecture (do they?), how would an attacker be able to determine the offsets of various Return Oriented Programming gadgets, would an attacker first need to ...
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1answer
224 views
Understanding ret2libc return address location
I recently was studying x86 buffer overflows + ret2libc attacks from https://www.ret2rop.com/2018/08/return-to-libc.html and I noticed the order is as follows:
bytes to fill buffer + address of system ...
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1answer
237 views
What is source of bad characters exist in buffer overflows
I'm new to exploit development and while watching a tutorial I came across the topic of "Bad character identification". I'm referring to the process of sending all possible characters to the ...
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2answers
167 views
How does ASLR work if in the assembly code the addresses are the same
Let's say I have this piece of code that changes the 10 address to the value 20 and the following one to 30
mov ebx,10
mov [ebx],20
add ebx,1
mov ebx,30
How can the address change each time it is ...
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0answers
138 views
Exploit - Code execution without assembly call instruction, int etc on ia_64
Found a bug in a function in a loop where I can go past a loop in assignment where value is read from past malloced memory
The function has no call, int or other assembly instructions afterwards.
...
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1answer
729 views
vulnserver - Can't find JMP ESP in ntdll.dll
This tutorial shows how to find a JMP ESP in nttdll.dll
http://sh3llc0d3r.com/vulnserver-trun-command-buffer-overflow-exploit/
Find address for EIP
In this step we have to check the registers and ...
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1answer
107 views
Memory address problem in GNU Debugger
I'm new to gbd. I've wrote a simple program which will print hello world 10 times(I've listed the program in the screenshot). Then I've displayed the assembly language and set the break point to main ...
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1answer
133 views
Esp changes to different (incorrect) value when overwritten
I am attempting to overwrite the eip of a binary (in order to perform a ret2libc attack). The program has full relro, PIE and NX.
Here's my thought process.
First I try this, I input "C"*260 + "...
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0answers
404 views
Buffer bomb level 3 - Prevent stack corruption
I am trying to complete level 3 of buffer bomb lab. The task is to supply an exploit string that will cause getbuf to return my cookie (0x4b64b076) back to test, rather than the value 1. The exploit ...
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1answer
232 views
Reverse engineering and buffer overflows: zero to hero [closed]
When I do CTFs, I can usually cope well with and understanding everything pretty much apart from buffer overflows, binary exploitation and reverse engineering
Almost to the point that I would ...
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1answer
353 views
Remote Buffer Overflow w/out Memory Leak
I'm working on an exploit development challenge right now in which I've been presented with a compiled binary and I have to exploit it on a remote server. No stack protections have been enabled and ...
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1answer
6k views
Problem with overwriting the return address (buffer overflow)
I'm trying to exploit the following code with a buffer overflow and make it run the overflowed function:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
void overflowed() {
printf("%s\...
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1answer
1k views
What is the purpose of the instruction fldz on the Aaron Adams shellcode?
I'm studying the Aaron Adams assembly code. You can find the documentation here (section --[ 2.b.i Getting EIP).
I understand that the goal is to get the EIP.
I know that the FPU environment looks ...
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1answer
2k views
How does this simple buffer overflow work?
I've got this simple code
vuln.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
char buffer[500];
strcpy(buffer, argv[1]);
printf("%s", buffer);
...
3
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1answer
97 views
Running a brief asm script inline for dynamic analysis
Is there any good reason not to run a brief unknown (30 line) assembly script inline in a usermode c program for dynamic analysis directly on my laptop?
There's only one system call to time, and at ...
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2answers
3k views
Why does my stack contain the return address to __libc_csu_init after main is initialised?
I wrote a simple program in C, compiled it, opened it in gdb, set a breakpoint at line 11 and inspected the stack.
1 #include<stdio.h>
2
3 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
4 char ...
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2answers
170 views
is it possible to craft exploits for non-open source C/C++ software without fuzzing?
imagine that if i wanted to find a vulnerability in a program that is used by a lot of people in order to exploit it.
the program is open source and is written in C/C++ . would this even be possible ...
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0answers
191 views
Why can't I see my shellcode executing in Immunity Debugger?
I am doing an exercise on creating custom shellcode (windows). The goal is to create shellcode that will delete the firewall log file.
I successfully spawned a reverse shell with metasploit, using a ...
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4answers
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I feel like it's impossible to learn reverse engineering [closed]
I know how to use most of the tools in Kali like msfvenom and msfconsole and I can safely call myself a script kiddie.
I learned the basics of C# and that helps me understand some of the things in C, ...
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2answers
2k views
Overflowing the buffer yet not jumping to address
I am a beginner at buffer overflows been studying this subject from a few days and i found this exercise (code from: here)
I think understand the basic concept i write more than 64 bytes characters ...
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3answers
1k views
What assembly should I learn? [closed]
I want to learn assembly, but I am not sure what instruction set (if that is correct term?) I should learn?
I have prior experience in programming, and I did a degree in Computer Science but ...
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2answers
2k views
Why do we need to remove null bytes from shell code?
I'm studying the basics of making shell codes. I have a question about it.
In my textbook, the author stores his shell code in an environment variable, and injects the address of it using strcpy() ...
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1answer
373 views
Binary Exploitation - How to set GID of a SUID binary using shellcode?
I have a binary that is SUID which I can currently use a buffer overflow exploit to obtain an elevated EUID shell.
However I haven't worked much with changing IDs through shellcode, and the file I ...
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1answer
1k views
Why would legitimate programs have a `jmp esp` instruction?
It appears that a common exploit trick is to use stack overflow to overwrite the instruction pointer such that it points to a jmp esp instruction somewhere in the code segment which then executes the ...
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1answer
5k views
Buffer overflow: Why does the ESP Register change its value after access violation
Background: Currently trying to exploit a BoF vulnerability. After setting up the environment, running a compiled C program that contains the strcpy function, I disassembled the program as it's ...
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2answers
902 views
C - Simple Buffer Overflow Exploitation, how is the EIP overwritten in different type calling functions?
General Background:
I have written an echo server trying to implement an example of BoF in C that utilizes a strcpy() function call like such:
// .... including the corresponding libraries depending ...
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2answers
3k views
Shellcode doesn't execute and EIP is overwritten
I've written a vulnerable program (below) and some shellcode (also below) to use in a buffer overflow exploit. I've had the same problems as in this link, and solved those using the answers there (-z ...
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1answer
91 views
Can an attacker add malicious instructions to a cracked Password Manager app to exfiltrate credentials ? (1Password, oneSafe, etc.)
(In OSX) Would it be possible for an attacker to add into a password manager app (cracked illegal version, downloaded from a pirate website), instructions to make the program send credentials over the ...
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1answer
416 views
Stack Protection off but still cant overwrite EIP
When Compiling with:
gcc -m32 -fno-pie -no-pie -g bof.c -fno-stack-protector -z execstack -o bof32
I am able to overwrite the return address with just about any value except a valid return address.
...
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1answer
883 views
Custom EXE Template Metasploit 64-bit ASM PE Syntax
I asked this previously then deleted since I think I asked the question without gearing it towards msfvenom and custom EXE templates.
There is a 64-bit Windows PE written in assembly that ships with ...
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2answers
612 views
Why is this shellcode execution considered an exploit?
I found the following "exploit" on Twitter: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43550/?rss
Blogpost about it: https://pentesterslife.blog/2018/01/13/polymorphic-and-smaller-versions-of-three-shell-...
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2answers
6k views
Buffer Overflow doesn't have enough space for exploit after being crashed
So I'm trying to write a buffer overflow for a knowingly vulnerable server application, I want to learn how to do this on my own and just want some direction.
I'm watching it in immunity debugger on ...
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1answer
589 views
Challenge: Shellcode with unique bytes
Is it possible to have a (small) shellcode with unique bytes only?
So far I noticed the smallest shellcode I can find online is 19 bytes for Linux x86, but it does repeat bytes, especially the "/" ...
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1answer
580 views
Curious about Microsoft “Buffer Security Check” implementation
A very quick background to help you answering my questions :
Learning IDA Interactive Disassembler, the old free edition (too expensive for a hobbyist)
15 year Linux Sysadmin & DBA experience
...
5
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1answer
6k views
How to bypass ASLR with ROP
I was reading this article by the InfoSec institute:
http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/an-introduction-to-returned-oriented-programming-linux/#gref
And was able to follow along until he did the ...
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1answer
446 views
Mov byte to addres inside a register
I am trying to write a shell insertion decoder (my encoder works as expected). But when I try to move one byte to the address inside a register i face a Segmentation fault.
The error happens in this ...
4
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1answer
928 views
How can Malware authors be determined? [duplicate]
My question is:
How can we make any conclusions about malware authors at all, when anyone could just get sample malware online, copy paste the parts they like, and add their own parts to it?
...
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2answers
2k views
Segmentation fault error when calling user defined function in shellcode
I am getting the segmentation fault error when I called function "target" in my shellcode.
Here's the C code of program:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#...
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1answer
2k views
Can anyone explain what Ret2plt means and how it works?
I'm reading about stack overflow protection mechanism like DEP, and it's written that Ret2plt and system() can be used to bypass it.
What is Ret2plt and how does it work? I cannot find a single ...
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2answers
1k views
What lies behind this complicated shellcode on linux?
It's pretty much my first time playing around with a buffer overflow exploit. I've written a simple C program that is vulnerable to buffer overflows:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>...
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1answer
227 views
Large header/footer of shellcode bytes when going from x86 asm to exe?
I coded a simple bash shell in x86 and compiled it via nasm and ld into an exe. When I do this I can see the 31 bytes of instructions that I actually made but there are 100's of bytes before and after ...
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0answers
537 views
Eliminating 0x0a from ShellCode for unlink file
I have written a shellcode to unlink a file from the system, but when I extracted the hexcode off the binary file, it consists of \x0a byte, because the sys call number for unlink function is 10, so ...
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1answer
242 views
Need help in bypassing Structured Exception Handling (SEH) + egghunter
I am practicing exploit development and trying to remake this exploit by myself in the same environment:
exploit link
I face an issue that the egghunter is not running I even tried the one in the ...
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1answer
126 views
Is it “normal” to find procedures in the middle of a .mov file with a disassembler?
I used hopper disassembler to see if there was any strange activity on this particular mov file. What was bizarre and unexpected was
This .mov file is particularly strange such as it seems to lower ...
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2answers
2k views
Shellcode doesn't execute despite correct address on EIP
I need to produce a presentation on buffer overflows for a college class. I managed to create a simple buffer overflow where i inject the address of a specific function on the EIP and the function ...
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3answers
55k views
What does EIP stand for?
There are a ton of questions on here that make reference to the eip:
How can I partially overwrite the EIP in order to bypass ASLR?
Unable to overwrite EIP register
Do I always have to overwrite EIP ...
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1answer
13k views
How to detect suspicious content in a TrueType Font (.ttf) font file
I got curious about how to scan or assess the risk of a particular font file before deploying it to hosts. First line of defense, of course, is to make sure that our hosts are patched against any ...
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0answers
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Problem when disassembling 16-bit binary one instruction at the time
I am currently disassembling a binary that enters vm86 mode, so 32-bit binary in 16-bit mode. While IDA fails to do that correctly, I took the initiative to do it by myself.
Problem is, I very often ...
