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23 votes
3 answers
96k views

Four-way Handshake in WPA-Personal (WPA-PSK)

Can someone explain to me in what consists the Four-way Handshake in WPA-Personal (WPA with Pre-Shared Key), which informations are being sent between AP and client, how is it possible to find the AP ...
Leo92's user avatar
  • 399
40 votes
5 answers
10k views

Security impact of using a public password for free WiFi

We have a WiFi network that we want to be public and free. Does having a password that is known to everyone provide any additional security advantage to the people using this network as opposed to ...
epeleg's user avatar
  • 625
69 votes
9 answers
31k views

Why isn't open WiFi encrypted?

As far as I understand, WiFi networks that require no password send traffic through the air unencrypted. Those that require a password encrypt each connection uniquely, even if they're all using the ...
Nathan Long's user avatar
  • 2,764
12 votes
3 answers
9k views

Is it possible to speed up WPA/WPA2-PSK cracking using a rogue AP?

We know that WPA/WPA2-PSK uses a PTK (Pairwise Transient Key) for each client to encrypt the communication. This PTK is generated through the process known as 4-way handshake. As told in the related ...
sanilunlu's user avatar
  • 223
12 votes
1 answer
41k views

How long to brute-force WPA password?

Bob has a password (for his WPA encrypted wifi) which is 8 characters, all lowercase, and not a dictionary word. Eve lives next door to Bob and wants to illegally hack his WPA. The number of ...
DanBeale's user avatar
  • 2,084
64 votes
3 answers
17k views

Why does Windows store Wi-Fi passwords in a reversible format?

Running netsh wlan export profile key=clear in PowerShell will dump your current stored Wi-Fi settings, including the password, into xml files inside of whatever directory you are currently in. Why ...
Wazanator's user avatar
  • 741
32 votes
6 answers
94k views

Recommend Length for Wi-FI PSK?

I currently have a network set up with WPA2 and AES encryption, the password is 8 characters long but was randomly generated and contains no dictionary words. However I'm concerned about the ...
Concrete Donkey's user avatar
12 votes
5 answers
947 views

How should I tell an organisation that they are vulnerable when I wasn't given permission to check?

I was recently at a village hall (in the UK), some distance from where I live, for a party. I noticed that they had unsecured wi-fi with an SSID of NETGEAR. I assumed it was free wi-fi for users of ...
AnonID's user avatar
  • 121
11 votes
5 answers
2k views

My ISP shows my WiFi password on their public site in plain text. Should I be worried?

I recently noticed that when logged into my ISPs (Spectrum) public, external site that can be accessed outside my network, I can see my home network's WPA2 password in plain text. This clearly means ...
David says Reinstate Monica's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
8k views

What kind of backdoor can be made after hacking wi-fi? [closed]

I'm interested to know if A hacks B's wifi password, what can A do to gain persistent access to the router even after B changes the wifi password? Secondly, how can we detect the backdoor and patch it?...
Amirreza Nasiri's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
713 views

Accessing WPA/WPA2 password from native auth form on a rogue router

I'm trying to wrap my head around the WPA/WPA2 4-way handshake in an attempt to determine if it is possible for a rogue wireless access point to retrieve a plaintext (or hashed) version of a router's ...
Brannon's user avatar
  • 135