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A public-key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates. In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective user identities by means of a certificate authority (CA). There are three main categories of PKI: Web / SSL certs, corporate networks, and Government ID / ePassport.

1 vote
1 answer
190 views

Does a password-derived public key authentication improve security over pure password-based ...

Despite best efforts it is pretty clear that most users reuse their credentials, especially for what they consider non-critical sites such as forums. While TFA does mitigate the potential damage of th …
Tobias Kienzler's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
859 views

How to have Thunderbird include a root certificate?

An eMail signed via S/MIME also contains the X.509 certificate chain containing the public key in order to directly verify the signature (assuming its issuing CA is deemed trustworthy). The chain does …
Tobias Kienzler's user avatar
42 votes
1 answer
34k views

Which properties of a X.509 certificate should be critical and which not?

RFC5280's section 4.2 states Each extension in a certificate is designated as either critical or non-critical. A certificate-using system MUST reject the certificate if it encounters a critical exte …
Tobias Kienzler's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
2k views

How to troubleshoot why Thunderbird rejects a PKCS#12 certificate with "Could not verify thi...

After playing around a bit with openssl, I created a PKCS12 certificate which imports flawlessly in Firefox while Thunderbird "Could not verify this certificate for unknown reasons". Talk about a help …
Tobias Kienzler's user avatar
44 votes
5 answers
50k views

How to set up OpenSSH to use x509 PKI for authentication?

I do not mean simply putting the public RSA key of a x.509 certificate into ~/.ssh/authorized_keys - I'm looking for a way to set up a ssh such that x.509 certificates signed by a pre-defined CA will …
Tobias Kienzler's user avatar