SIM cards are smartcards, but that doesn't mean that they can be used for any and all PKI purposes. Smartcards have applets and/or the integrated circuit (IC) is designed for a particular purpose. Depending on the applet and/or the IC design, different smartcards have different uses and capabilities.
SIM cards are designed to work woth smartphones and not to be used for PKI. Nevertheless, there are some solutions in some countries that allow the SIM card to also have a PKI certificate for digital signatures. These solutions and scheme specific. For example, Estonia has SmartID. These SIM cards cannot be used as regular PKI smartcards, though. They cannot be used with a regular card reader on a computer. Those SIM cards respond to signals receiver from the network provider and display a notification on the smartphone to confirm transactions.