I would not worry to much about this.
It is possible the person who sent the link now knows your IP address. However, that doesn't give them very much information. It can be used to figure out roughly what city you probably are in, but it won't get any more precise than that.
Unless they discovered some major vulnerability in your browser, your device or in Google Maps, they can't figure out where you are just because you click a link. This is not very likely and not something I would worry about in a situation like this.
If you gave the website some extra permissions, if you downloaded something, entered some information or did something else on the site than just merely visiting it, there would be bigger risks involved.